The aurochs (Bos primigenius) ( or /ˈaʊrɒks/), also known as aurochsen, urus or ure, is a species of large wild cattle that inhabited Asia, Europe and North Africa. While the wild subspecies, including the nominal subspecies Bos primigenius primigenius is extinct, extant domestic cattle are considered subspecies of aurochs. Further discussion and use of the term “aurochs” in this article, for simplicity, refer deserted to the extinct wild subspecies unless on the other hand specified. Bos primigenius primigenius survived in Europe until 1627, when the last recorded aurochs died in the Jaktorów Forest in Poland.
During the Neolithic Revolution, which occurred during the at the forefront Holocene, at least two aurochs domestication events occurred: one combined to the Indian subspecies, B. p. namadicus leading to zebu cattle, and the further related to the Eurasian subspecies Bos p. primigenius, leading to taurine cattle. Other species of wild bovines were moreover domesticated, namely the wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), gaur (Bos gaurus), wild yak (Bos mutus), and banteng (Bos javanicus). In forward looking cattle, many breeds part characteristics of the aurochs, such as a dark colour in the bulls, with a well-ventilated eel stripe along the back (the cows physical a lighter colour), or an aurochs-like horn shape.
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